Thursday, October 31, 2019

Romantic Love Is a Poor Basis for Marriage Essay

Romantic Love Is a Poor Basis for Marriage - Essay Example Many people have claimed to have fallen in love, which then lead to marriages after a short time. Romantic love grows between people who know each other well, meaning that the people have to be increasingly in close contact with one another (Putte and Matthijs, 580). Love is thus taken as a bond that unites a couple in marriages, and the fuel that is supposedly making relationships in marriages to thrive. However, in closer examination of marriages in the society today, the aspect of love in marriages is blurred and in most cases hard to determine. This is because there are increasing rates of divorces and separations among young married couples, with others going to the extent of taking their partner’s life. Considering that romantic love involves close interaction and coherence in mutual understanding between the partners, these trends clearly portray that romantic love is a poor basis in marriages. Determining whether romantic love can thrive over time requires understandin g of the basic relationships, principles and their applications. This means that partners have to have a clear perception concerning such love in the short and long term basis and not depend on perceptions of others or higher expectations.â€Å"Love is an abstract construct that has been debated, discussed, mused and speculated over many years† (July, 1). ... These social models indicate that women tend to seek men with financial resources and men tend to seek physically attractive women (July, 3). In these social constructs, the issue of romantic love does not suffice in any event, and the issue of convenience takes lead in determining marriage partners. Securing the future the financial future of the family seems to be the priority in many women while men seek for the pride of having an attractive woman. These are issues of compatibility that have to be considered in marriages in addition to the romantic love. Infatuation that might be related to romantic love in most cases has been confused with love, and as many people get into marriages, infatuation is in most cases to blame. Mponda (16) in outlining the creation story in the book of Genesis notes that when men and women meet the opposite sex, there is a tendency to get excited and think that they have fallen in love. They will therefore start plans of staying together believing that they are in love. Mponda (17) defines infatuation as â€Å"having an intense but short lived passion for somebody.† Passion in this case is an intense enthusiasm for something. Since the passion is short lived, such marriages end up in divorces at an early stage. The close interaction mostly among the young people in most cases results to infatuation. Putte and Matthijs (580) compare this to the short romantic outbursts that are involved in romantic relationships. Social groups in addition accelerate these trends. However as the passion fades away, such romantic outbursts are temporary and fade away with time and thus cannot be best indicators in marriage. Glaser and Malarkey (176) argue that poor communication is responsible for

Monday, October 28, 2019

Sample Questionnaire Essay Example for Free

Sample Questionnaire Essay The purpose of this survey is to determine to what extent the different factors in attitude do and study interest affects individual. Enclosed you will find a self-addressed, stamped envelope to use when returning the survey. Please feel free to include any additional comments you deem necessary or relevant to improving the behavioral aspect of individual. Be assured that all your answers are highly confidential and will be treated with privacy. Your response and time is greatly appreciated. Thank you! Sincerely, Floriden Dairo Camille Punzalan Marilyn Vargsa Mary Grace Romero John Paul Bernaldez (BSE III-B, English) Below is a list of statements. Please indicate how you feel about each statement by checking the box of your answer. How family background does affect your behavior and interest in study habits? 1. My parents really care for me (_) True(_) False 2. I get along well with my parents and siblings (_) True(_) False 3. My parents really listen to I have to say (_) True(_) False 4. My parents care whether I come at home very late at night (_) True(_) False 5. My parents didn’t pay attention to what I have to say. (_) True(_) False 6. My parents didn’t appreciate my effort (_) True(_) False 7. My parents always fight (_) True(_) False 8. My mother always nagged me especially if we do not have enough money (_) True(_) False 9. My parents didn’t support our studies (_) True(_) False 10. My parents encouraged me to have an occupation at an early age (_) True(_) False How do gadgets affect your attitude and interest in the study? Check your answers. 1. What gadgets do you have? (_)Cellular phone (_) IPod (_) Television (_) Radio (_) Digital Camera (_) others 2. Do you really want to play games, listen to music, etc. rather than studying your lesson? (_)Yes (_) No 3. Whenever your mother does the household chores, do you help her? (_)Yes (_) No 4. At night, do you prefer to listen in the radio, instead of taking a rest? (_) Yes (_) No 5. Instead of playing outdoor activities, do you prefer to stay at home and play with your gadgets? (_) Yes (_) No 6. Did your parents bought whatever you ask, like all your gadgets for you to be in with your armadas? (_)Yes (_) No 7. Did radio, television, and other technologies sometimes help you to do your school activities? (_) Yes (_) No 8. Do you use your gadgets to degrade your classmates for not having it? (_)Yes (_) No 9. Did you spend more time with your gadgets rather than with your family? (_)Yes (_) No 10. Did your parents allowed you to addict in all gadgets that may cause of losing your interest with your studies. (_)Yes (_) No How do peers and peer pressure affects your attitude and study interest? Do you prefer to do things independently? (_) Yes (_) No Do you prefer to do things with the help of your friends? (_) Yes (_) No Do your friends affect largely your decision-making? (_) Yes (_) No Do you always decide based on your peer’s decisions? (_) Yes (_) No Do you consider your friend’s judgments before making friends to others? (_) Yes (_) No I am conscious about what I will wear before my friends might tease me. (_) Yes (_) No Are you afraid on bullying? (_) Yes (_) No If yes, do you have a feeling that if you neglect your friend’s judgments, they might bully you? (_) Yes (_) No If no, do you believe that â€Å"if you don’t do something wrong, nothing should be shame of†? (_) Yes (_) No Do you agree that self-progression is through your own hard work and perseverance? (_) Yes (_) NO 1) How familiar are you with your schools mission statement for school safety Very Familiar Somewhat familiar Not too familiar Not at all Familiar 2) How familiar are you with your schools emergency response plan? Very Familiar Somewhat familiar Not too familiar Not at all Familiar Please tell us how much you agree or disagree with the following statements. 3) School staff and administration uphold all discipline policies. Strongly Disagree Disagree Undecided Agree Strongly Agree 4) The school provides adequate training for staff on school policies and procedures. Strongly Disagree Disagree Undecided Agree Strongly Agree 5) Emergency response plans are known by all teachers and administration. Strongly Disagree Disagree Undecided Agree Strongly Agree 6) Emergency response drills are performed regularly by teachers and students. Strongly Disagree Disagree Undecided Agree Strongly Agree 7) The school has an anonymous student hotline for reporting potential safety problems, such as threats. Strongly Disagree Disagree Undecided Agree Strongly Agree 8) The school takes all threats and rumors of violence seriously and investigates appropriately. Strongly Disagree Disagree Undecided Agree Strongly Agree 8) All visitors to the school are acknowledged and accounted for at all times. Strongly Disagree Disagree Undecided Agree Strongly Agree Please tell us how satisfied or dissatisfied you are with the following: 9) How satisfied are you with the level of control the school maintains on all entrances and exits? Very Satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied Very Dissatisfied Dont Know 10) How satisfied are you with the exterior safety lighting? Very Satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied Very Dissatisfied Dont Know 11) How satisfied are you with the interior safety lighting? Very Satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied Very Dissatisfied Dont Know 12) How satisfied are you with the level of support the administration gives to teachers for dealing with discipline problems? Very Satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied Very Dissatisfied Dont Know 13) Overall, how safe do you feel in your classroom? Very Safe Some what safe Not too safe Not at all Safe Dont Know 14) Overall, how safe do you feel outside on the school grounds? Very Safe Some what safe Not too safe Not at all Safe Dont Know 15) Overall, how satisfied are you with your schools safety policies? Very Satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied Very Dissatisfied Dont Know 16) Overall, how satisfied are you with your schools emergency response plan? Very Satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied Very Dissatisfied Dont Know Please indicate the extent to which the following are problems for you. Always-3 Often 2 Sometimes -1 Never 0 Cutting classes Saying bad words Bullied Smoking Financial problem Absenteeism Excessive use of alcohol Sleeping during the class Late homework Latecomer Cheating Fighting with others students Using cell phones/iPods/electronics during class hour Being honest about all rules Please indicate the extent to which the following are the appropriate assessment for the behavioral development of the students. Strongly Agree-3 Agree-2 Disagree-1 strongly disagree-0 Conducting seminars and Programs Making organizations having counseling Punishments Dismissal of the students from school Detention References Durand, V. M., Crimmins, D. B. (1992). Motivation assessment scale. Topeka, KS: Monaco Associates Incorporated. Iwata, B. A., DeLeon, I. G. (1995). The functional analysis screening tool (FAST). Unpublished manuscript, University of Florida. Lewis, T.J., Scott, T., Sugai, G. (1994). The problem behavior questionnaire: A teacher-based instrument to develop functional hypotheses of problem behavior in general education classrooms. Diagnostique, 19(2-3), 103-115. Mason, S. A. Egel, A. L. (1995). What does Amy like? Using a mini-reinforcer assessment to increase student participation in instructional activities. Teaching Exceptional Children, 28, 42-45. O’Neill, R. E., Horner, R. H., Albin, R. W., Storey, K., Sprague, J. R. (1997). Functional assessment and program development: A practical handbook. Pacific Grove, CA: Brookes/Cole Publishing Company. Singh, N. N., Matson, J. L., Lancioni, G. E., Singh, A. N., Adkins, A. D., McKeegan, G. F., Brown, S. W. (2006). Questions about behavioral function in mental illness (QABF-MI). Behavior Modification, 30(6), 739-751. https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=sample+survey+questionnaire+about+family+backgroundtbm=ischtbo=usource=univsa=Xei=BWpdUp62E8fxiAfUiIGIDwved=0CGIQsAQbiw=1366bih=664#facrc=_imgdii=_imgrc=bWprTi6c_vvXQM%3A%3B9lwusfzU6z3OBM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.uncssp.org%252Fimages%252Fsspsamplequestions_school11ak.gif%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.uncssp.org%252Fabout_samplequestions.asp%3B300%3B392 Questionnaire (SOCS II) Submitted by: Camille Punzalan Floriden Dairo Marilyn Vargas Mary Grace Romero John Paul Bernaldez Submitted to: Ms. Mileth Caraan (SOCS 2 Teacher) GOODBYE By; Anonymous I wish I hadn’t met someone like you Someone who is good to be true Someone  with charms of dreams, of fiction Someone you’d be willing to pour out your affection Goodbye for me, I won’t look back Your jokes so funny, you’d make me crack Your laughter, your smile, voice so sweet Your lips so red, your eyes so deep. To my questions you are the answer You are the bonfire in the cold day of winter You are the rain that makes flower bloom You are the light that comes from the moon. But goodbye for now, we must part You’ll always occupy a place in my heart As I turn my back, forget and be glad Rather than remember and be sad Just wipe your eyes and smile once more Hope you’d find what you’re looking for Goodbye my life, my strength, my love, A gift of fate from heavens above.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Cultural Background Knowledge And English Teaching Cultural Studies Essay

Cultural Background Knowledge And English Teaching Cultural Studies Essay Language is a mirror which reflects the entire culture, and every nation has its own culture. Language learning is inseparable from the understanding of cultural background knowledge. Cultural background knowledge is very important in language teaching. Here I want to talk about the relationship between them and how to teach. I. Introduction Language is a product of society, cultural differences led to many difficulties language learning, if you want to learn English as well, you must grasp cultural knowledge. Language learning is inseparable from the understanding of cultural background knowledge. It is necessary for teachers to pass on cultural background knowledge to students. II. Cultural  background  knowledge  and  English  teaching 1. Problems aroused by different cultural backgrounds Cultural plays an important role in language. They are linked closely. Different countries have different languages and cultures. Because of cultural differences, misunderstandings may arise, although the language used in communication may be faultless. The same words or expressions may not mean the same thing to different peoples. Because of cultural differences, a serious question may cause amusement or laughter ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ºA harmless statement may cause displeasure or anger. On the one hand, without language, culture would not be possible. On the other hand, language is influenced and shaped by culture; it reflects culture. Each culture is unique. Learning a foreign language means more than merely mastering the pronunciation, grammar, words and idioms. It means learning the ways in which their language reflects the ideas, customs, and behavior of their society, learning to understand their language of the mind. Learning a language, in fact, is inseparable from learning its culture. In china, dragon means lucky, but in the foreigners eyes dragon is the embodiment of evil. In China, we can free to ask a persons age, salary, or an items price, in the West, this is very impolite. A foreign teacher see a female student wearing a beautiful dress, she looks very nice. The teacher said happily, You look very beautiful today! The girl said shyly, No, no. This is an ordinary dress. The teacher praise a students English is pretty well, Your English is quite fluent. The student at once modestly said, No, no, my English is quite poor. The two Students answer is that the teacher never thought; and the teacher doesnt understand is that obviously female student wears the dress which looks pretty, the second students English is very good, but why both of them say, No. They make the teacher feel that they dont have their own opinions and dont know how to distinguish what is good, what is bad. A student, he met a foreigner in the park, he would like to practice his own spoken language, he said, Whats your name? What are you doing here? Follow me! The foreigner confused and thought that he did something wrong, and he had to be arrested and inquired. At last, let us see the following dialogues in many textbooks: 1. A: Whats your name? B: My name is Xiao Hong. A: How old are you? B: Im eleven. 2. A: Where are you going? B: Im going to the zoo. In china, when people meet each other, they always say, Where are you going? Are you out? although people do not want to know where you go. All the above dialogues, although forms are correct, they are not appropriate. So in language teaching, we should not only pass on knowledge of language and train learners competence of utilizing language, but also enhance teaching of relative cultural background knowledge. 2. Importance of cultural background knowledge in language teaching As we all know, Language is a part of the culture, they can not be separated each other. Therefore its necessary to understand the cultural background knowledge. In Modern high schools, the teachers mainly cultivate ability in listening, speaking, reading and writing, the ultimate aim is to train students to use English communicate with each other, the four aspects are inseparable from the cultural background knowledge. Without language, culture would not be possible. Language is influenced and shaped by culture; it reflects culture. Some people say that listening is an important aspect of communicative competence. Listening ability, reading ability, the listeners language skill, cultural background knowledge, thinking skill are closely related. If the language capability of the listener is relatively strong, but he knows a little cultural background knowledge, it is difficult to understand the meaning of the listening materials, even he makes a mistake in understanding. From this, culture plays an important role in English teaching. Speaking is not merely concerned with pronunciation and intonation. Students can only improve their oral English and reach the aim of communication by means of enormous reading, mastering rich language material and acquaintance of western culture. Therefore, in oral training, teachers should lay stress on factuality of language and adopt some material approaching to daily life, such as daily dialogues with tape, magazines, newspapers and report etc., because the material is from real life, and it helps students to be well acquainted with standard pronunciation and intonation, to speak English appropriate to the occasion, to understand western way of life and customs etc. Otherwise, misunderstanding and displeasure are inevitably aroused. In English, there are so many euphemisms that sometimes its hard to know the other ones actual mood. So we should pay attention to our answer. Reading English articles requires a certain language basis, but the competence of reading comprehension is not entirely related to ones language level. Knowledge of cultural background is also important. You can guess the meaning according to available language material, cultural background and logical reasoning. However, when we read English articles, differences between Chinese and western cultures often bring us many difficulties. People always recognize which kind of articles wrote by foreigners, which kind of articles wrote by Chinese. There are three main reasons, first, the writers English level is not so high, second, Chinese and western have different thinking ways, third, the articles style is very different because of different cultural. These three aspects show cultural play an important role in writing. In writing, we often use some modifiers to enhance the color of the article, and the articles are so vivid. Western thinks the magpie is not a sign of good luck, but Chinese think magpie is a symbol of celebration. People always say: Magpie call, something good will be happened. Therefore, cultural difference is the key that makes the articles be natural or not. If you want to achieve the level of writing of foreigners, you must grasp cultural background knowledge. Every aspects of language always reflects cultural, It means language learning and cultural background knowledge learning are not separate d. The content of cultural is very abundant, in the teaching process, the teachers shall explain cultural background knowledge in any time, make the students take language and cultural knowledge into listening, speaking, reading, writing skills, so as to the students can easily communicate with foreigners and read foreign materials. Translating and writing cant be separated from cultural background knowledge. We shall take the word dog as an example. To English-speaking people and Chinese, there are very different meanings. Lai Pi Gou and Sang JiaZhiquan are often used to describe disgusting people. But dog in English, especially in proverbs, is a commendatory term. If we translate dog into Chinese dog without exception, we may make jokes. For example: 1. Every dog has his day. 2. You are, indeed, a lucky dog., 3. Last night my father came home dog-tired. Because some learners are not well aware of the cultural differences, they take it for granted that the three sentences should be translated into the following: 1.à ¦Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ Ã‚ ¡Ãƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ ¹-à ©Ã†â€™Ã‚ ½Ãƒ ¦Ã…“†°Ãƒ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ã‚ ªÃƒ ¥Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ±Ãƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ¨Ã…  Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ ¦- ¥Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ 2.à ¤Ã‚ ½Ã‚  Ãƒ §Ã…“Å ¸Ãƒ ¦Ã‹Å" ¯Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ Ã‚ ¡Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¹Ã‚ ¸Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ Ãƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ ¹-à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ 3.à ¦Ã‹Å" ¨Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã… ¡Ãƒ ¦Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ §Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¸Ãƒ §Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¸Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ… ¾Ãƒ ¥Ã‹â€ Ã‚ °Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ®Ã‚ ¶Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ­Ãƒ ¥Ã†â€™Ã‚ Ãƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ ¹-à ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¦Ã‚  Ã‚ ·Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¾-à §Ã‚ ´Ã‚ ¯Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ In fact, the right translations are as follows: 1.à ¤Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ºÃƒ ¤Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ºÃƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¦Ã…“†°Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¾-à ¦Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ Ãƒ ¦- ¶Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ 2.à ¤Ã‚ ½Ã‚  Ãƒ §Ã…“Å ¸Ãƒ ¦Ã‹Å" ¯Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ªÃƒ ¥Ã‚ ¹Ã‚ ¸Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ 3.à ¦Ã‹Å" ¨Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã… ¡Ãƒ ¦Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ §Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¶Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ²Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ… ¾Ãƒ ¥Ã‹â€ Ã‚ °Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ®Ã‚ ¶Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ­Ãƒ ©Ã‚ Ã… ¾Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ¸Ãƒ §Ã‚ ´Ã‚ ¯Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ It is clear that cultural background knowledge is necessary in language teaching. Teachers should help students to solve the difficulties in language as well as in culture. Thus, teachers should further improve your quality of teaching. Especially you should teach cultural background knowledge as possible as you can. 3. How to carry out the teaching of cultural background knowledge Firstly teachers should choose proper teaching material. Especially the foreign material should be used, just like dialogues, next, teachers should explain cultural factors involved in the material with purpose. There is an example like this: Helen: Hello, Susan, where are you going? Susan: Im going to get a magazine and some chocolate. Helen: Lets go to that newsagent in the corner. I want some cigarettes. Susan: I want to go the one down the road. Ive got to send off this parcel and there is a post-office in that one. It tells us in England some newsagentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡those shops not only sell sweets and cigarettes, but also install post office where people can send off letters and parcels. But in China, there are not such shops. If teachers dont explain for this, students may feel puzzled. Secondly, Teachers should take cultural background knowledge and English teaching into four aspects of language learning, they are listening, speaking, reading, writing skills. Teachers should give some information about cultural background knowledge in listening course. A lot of students listening level is not so high, not only because they do not grasp English words and their grammatical concept is unclear but also they dont have cultural background knowledge. There are two jokes here: à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚  A: Where are you from? B: Ill ask her (Alaska) A: Why do you ask her? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¡A: Where are you from? B: How are you? (Hawaii) In the two jokes, to A, B do not understand question, but if you know the United States has two states: Alaska and Hawaii, then A will not make a mistake. From this, in listening course, teachers give cultural background knowledge to students, not only enhance the listening skill of them, but also enable students to obtain knowledge. In reading course, teachers should explain cultural background knowledge. If you want to read, you must have English basic. Cultural background knowledge is so important. Thirdly, in the classroom, teacher should pay attention to proper language forms as well as suitable use of language. One way of classroom teaching is to ask students to make similar dialogues to the text. A student inevitably needs to play a role and carry on a conversation according to a certain role. Teacher should attract the students attention to his role and point out his expressions which are improper for his character or the occasion. Furthermore, remind students to pay attention to details such as pronunciation, intonation, countenance wording, gesture etc. Fourthly, teachers should use good native English videotapes and films in teaching, and then organize discussions. Teachers should use pictures, movies in teaching, students can easily understand some cultural background knowledge, and Western social and cultural factors. Fifthly, encourage students to communicate with native English speakers. But so far, we havent carried out such activities enough. In contact with native speakers, in such relaxed conversations, students can learn much knowledge, which cannot be learned in the classroom. Sixthly, hold some lectures about cultures and customs, comparing Chinese culture with western culture. In teaching, teachers should pay attention to cultural differences and study these differences. As English teachers, we should not only help students to learn a foreign language, but also to learn social and cultural background knowledge. Only so, students can widen their knowledge and thus further learn English well. III. Conclusion Language is a mirror which reflects the entire culture, and every nation has its own culture. Language learning is inseparable from the understanding of cultural background knowledge. Language is a product of society, cultural differences led to many difficulties language learning, if you want to learn English as well, you must grasp cultural knowledge. It is necessary for teachers to pass on cultural background knowledge to students. In short, there are great differences between Chinese and Western culture, language and culture are inseparable, if you do not understand the foreign language and cultural background, you can not correctly understand and use language. Not only enable students to master the basic knowledge, but should also strengthen cultural Background Knowledge in teaching, so that they learn and come from different social background, cultural practices, political systems of the people live in harmony, so as to really reach in English teaching purposes

Thursday, October 24, 2019

The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman -- Yellow Wallpaper C

â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman Many intellectual artists, who are widely acclaimed for their literary work, live in a world characterized by â€Å"progressive insanity† (Gilman 20). Charlotte Perkins Gilman was one such individual. A writer during the early 20th century, Gilman suffered from bouts of deep depression, due part to her dissatisfaction with the limitations of her role as wife and mother. Her writing, particularly her famous story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† reflects experiences from her personal life. In doing so, â€Å"she achieved some control over both her illness and her past† (Lane 128). Many people still admire the fact that Gilman wrote her piece â€Å"to save people from being driven crazy;† however, perhaps she wrote the story to rescue herself from the psychological distress that she often suffered. (Gilman 20) Many people find the conclusion of â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† problematic because the protagonist ends up insane. Others, however, have offered an alternative reading of the story, one which posits that the protagonist’s response to her profoundly oppressive situation is perhaps the most â€Å"normal† and â€Å"healthy† response to her. Clearly Gilman had a great deal to say about the restrictions placed on women in the early 20th century. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† explores a young woman’s gradual psychological demise. In doing so, however, readers may also observe the gradual liberation of a woman. In â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† the narrator who is suffering from depression, takes a trip to the country for the summer, with her husband and their baby. Her husband has diagnosed his wife’s condition as merely â€Å"a temporary nervous depression† (Gilman 4) and he decides to move her to a nursery that is located at the top of the house. She is surrounded by ugly yellow wallpaper and barred windows. Disturbed by the wallpaper, she asks her husband for another room or different wallpaper; however, he refuses. The woman becomes increasingly unhappy as she is forced t occupy a room that she despises. In this deprived environment, the pattern of the wallpaper becomes increasingly compelling. The figure of a woman begins to take shape behind the pattern of the paper. At night the pattern becomes bars, and the woman in the wallpaper is imprisoned. As her imagination worsens, she frantically rips off the paper in order to free the woman she perceives i... ...se of the phrase â€Å"living paper† is quite effective. I used this quote because it symbolizes the importance and the effect of this inanimate object’s power over the tragic heroine. The word â€Å"living† is the most appropriate description for its power. Treichler, Paula: She states, â€Å"the female lineage that the wallpaper represents is thick with life, expression, and suffering† (193) It summarizes some of the main themes of the narrative. It restates the gender-related struggle and captivity that captures the true essence of this story. 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Shumaker, Conrad. Twentieth Century Literary Criticism. Vol. 37, 1990 p.195 He states that the husband is, â€Å"fearful and contemptuous of her imaginative and artistic powers, largely because fails to understand them or the view of the world they lead her to.† This quote describes the marital conflict between our heroine and her husband, hence the true struggle behind the story. 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lane, Ann J. To Herland and Beyond. 1990 p.130 She states, â€Å"frightened by the images of a baby, the one she has and the one she was.† This quote expresses a symbolic comparison between the hopelessness and helplessness of the heroine and that of her child.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Marketing Plan Project: From Bags to Riches Danette Faulkner Dr. Neil Southern Marketing

From Bags to Riches Company was founded in September 2007 in north Mississippi with the goal of creating and marketing hundreds of authentic, exclusive designer bags and jewelry. From Bags to Riches gives access to borrow hundreds of purses and jewelry as often as you like. a) Internal Environment Mission Statement: If you desire an authentic designer handbag, you will love From Bags to Riches.Imagine always having the perfect bag and necklace to match. From Bags to Riches is an internet business that makes high fashion highly affordable by borrowing designer handbags and jewelry to consumers at portion of the retail price.A key element of the internal environment is the power of fashion inspires excitement, confidence, and that â€Å"feel good† vibe every woman gets from wearing something new. We know that when a woman looks her best she feels her best. Our mission is to extend this feeling to every woman on a regular basis by offering high fashion at a highly affordable pric e. b) External Environment From Bags to Riches faces new seasonal trends in ever-changing fashion industry. We are constantly adding new designers and items to our collection so new items appear on a daily basis. We entered during a period of prosperity.A high level of demand for our merchandise is due to celebrity fashion and affordability. The fashion industry operates in a persistent stat of progression, reinvention, and renovation. New styles go out as quickly as they come in. We are regularly clearing out our closets to make room for the hottest new collections from all over the country. Since we rent designer bags through the e-commerce business, we are closely related to technological advances. We use the internet to issue low monthly memberships and no late fees. Our demographic environment would be directed towards millions of women from 16 to 60 year olds.It also includes women who shop on the internet. c) SWOT Analysis Strengths of From Bags to Riches are that they offer the most sought after designer brands at low rental prices. We are able to adapt to technological change and new fashion trends. We have global relationships with all major designers. Our main weaknesses are our financial support, knowledge in the local market and the ability to expand in our current location. The main opportunities identified are technological advancement in product ordering, diversification of products and future expansion to other markets.Our threats include current economic climate and the volume of indirect competition from other designer bags and jewelry companies. II. Marketing Objectives Marketing objectives that are attainable and realistic goals would have to be defined as increasing customer satisfaction by making every individual woman feel fashionable. We would like to use to Product Line strategy to satisfy the main desires and needs of our consumers. Our customers must maintain trust in our company. We take authenticity of our bags very seriously. We want to increase our sales by 75 percent within the next year.We can stimulate adoption by distributing free rental after the first membership purchase. The rental of designer bags and jewelry business is small but growing and I would like to minimize our competition. III. Marketing Strategies a) Target Markets Our target is in women’s fashion market. Demographics include females aging from 16 to 60. Some men maybe included because men would often join to rent nice products for their wives, daughters, and mothers. The average incomes would range from 20,000 to 100,000 per year. Psychographics would be women who spend a lot of time shopping with their family and friends.They enjoy looking nice and are tight spenders. The promotion would be directed at the end consumer or buyer as we attempt to increase customer demand. The media habit used would mainly be the internet and shopping advertisements. Women would frequently read magazines such as Harper’s Bazaar and Lucky. W omen of all ages will be able to afford expensive jewelry and purses in order to wear to weddings, banquets, proms, or to other dances. b) Positioning the Product From Rags to Riches positions its products as the number one company of designer handbags and jewelry for rent. We never carry fake, faux, or replica bags or jewelry.Our company emphasizes choice and flexibility. We strive to always be responsive to the consumer’s unique needs. Bags can be borrowed for any length of time for a week, month, or more. Our Core Product will be access to name brand purses and high-end jewelry. The Actual Product will be the rental of the purses and jewelry. The Augmented Product will be that we offer a monthly subscription fee, designer recommendation service, and unlimited supply of our products. We will communicate the marketing strategy though intermediaries such as designer agents retail stores and distributors.We will have access to customers by using our vendors. For example, someo ne that buys Gucci purses straight from the manufacturer will be able to save more money by renting a purse for our company instead of paying $400. 00 dollars on the spot for a certain purse. They will be able to exchange purses for new styles. c) Product Strategies In order to be able to meet our sales goals we must be able to give our customers what they want the must by offering different major brands. We will offer Couture bags with are runway worthy handbags and jewelry from the top designers such as Gucci and Rosiblu which cost the most within a month.The is Diva bags which are luxurious, dream bags and jewelry from Louis Vuitton and Charriol starting at ninety dollars a month. Then we offer the Princess, which is a little less costly, and it includes accessories from Burberry and Coach. Last, we offer the Trendsetter fresh, trend-forward small accessories from designers such as Dooney & Burke and Cole Haan. d) Pricing Strategies The combination of high expense and low shelf l ife makes designer apparel affordable to only a few. Our products will remain the same regardless of the amount of produced; therefore, it will be a fixed cost.We will need to estimate the demand by finding out how much of our product does our customer want and how will this change if prices go up or down? When our economy is down the consumers are more interested in lower prices. Our customers will not have to pay the high price for high quality; instead, they will be able to pay a low monthly fee for high quality. The concept of borrowing levels the playing field and allows everyone the opportunity to carry the latest styles and without the cost. The current pricing should work for fashion bags and jewelry. The price must reflect the overall company objectives.A number of factors need to be considered before prices are allocated to each of the products. For instant access to the newest styles of high-end handbags and jewelry, prices will range from $25. 95 a month for three months or $67. 95 for one year. Customers will receive the best value by purchasing the year membership by saving over 55%. e) Promotion Strategies Advertising is the most familiar and visible part of the promotion mix. Product advertising will focus on what our company has to offer. For example: high-end jewelry and purses at half the retail price.Personal selling, public relations, and direct mailing are all good strategies for From Bags to Riches, although they might not be the most effective. We can use sales promotions such as coupons, rebates, and premiums. By offering premiums will help us give something extra to our existing customers. The media must also reflect our objectives. Our position can change over time and provide a number of advantages for our product. By using the unique selling proposition, we can get our direct reason out about our product and show our consumer why it has better quality and how our product qualifies consumers’ needs.Because From Bags to Riches ’ budget is limited, we will keep the message simple, emphasizing how flexible and convenient our product is. By using advertising, we will be able to control what the message will say, when it will appear, and who is will see it. From Bags to Riches will use guerrilla marketing so that we will be able to catch them as a surprise. We can place small messages or coupons for our online store on the back of receipt for retail stores. If we were able to use public relations, it would be low in cost and give us high credibility.With the limited budget, ads in direct mail brochures will be small. Television advertising: From Bags to Riches will purchase a small amount of cable advertising. This type of advertising will be flexible and high impact. It will air on local cable shopping networks directed towards women. Television is a useful means for telling a story or for demonstration purposes. Viewers are often relaxed, which can be a negative because our message needs to be easily understood. It’s not like direct mail, newspaper, and magazine advertisements where you can look back over the information in order to clarify the message.The negative attributes of using television advertising is that it can be high in costs and quickly forgotten. Magazine advertising: From Bags to Riches will advertise in all fashion magazines with some success but this will be an expensive option. By using magazine advertising, we will have a specific target audience and have great image quality. This will show all of the new products for each season. We will also offer discount’s through the magazine subscribers. Lower television advertisements in exchange for magazine advertising can be very beneficial. This will enable us to keep the same budget, while increasing exposure.We will have to use several magazines to reach our target audience. Direct mail advertising: From Bags to Riches will use this to save on cost depending on location, how much we send, and posta ge cost. Direct mail advertising will first emphasize From Bags to Riches’ two key benefits. It will offer a lot of detail towards a certain customer so that it’s personal which is most important to effectively reaching the core target market. By using direct mail advertising, we will be able to receive feedback. Direct mail has a dependable history of generating high-quality leads for entrepreneur business. f) Distribution StrategiesChances are that we have more competitors than we even thought. Primarily From Bags to Riches products will be direct sales through the internet. Our customers will be experiential shoppers because we offer fast shopping and they will be entertained by the hunt. Sales promotion will be a positive incentive to retailers to support our product. It will be the most effective distribution channel because we will be able to sell directly to the end-user. We will be able to distribute our item by using the internet. We can place our URL address with advertisements on clothing, magazine, and shopping websites.We will also identify key promises made by our company. IV. Implementation Strategies The tasks required to implement and monitor each strategy are listed in this section for From Bags to Riches. a) Action Plan From Bags to riches will use the push strategy and have retailers offer our renting process and they can attract their customers to select our product. My company is in its introduction phase so our objective is to create awareness of and push customers to try our product. We will meet with department managers to promote our plan and mission statement. We must set up appropriate times to meet with jewelry and purse designers.Third, we must meet with managers to discuss new trends in clothing and accessories; and how to improve customer feedback. Lastly, we will schedule and promote course for organization. b) Budgets Television advertisement can run between $400. 00 to $3500. 00 depending on airtime and service station. Magazine advertisement can cost at the most $10,000. 00, which would be the most expensive based on which magazines we choose to go with. Mail orders would be relatively cheaper running between $300. 00 to $600. 00 depending on location. We will be able to generate enough money in order to use the best promotions.If these don’t work out or are too costly, we will have to change our direction and switch to something less costly. c) Timing/ Schedules We plan to exceed growth patterns with in 12 months to little over the coming year. We will typically focus on the performance of our shipment to our customers renting our jewelry and purses. We will typically focus on the mechanics of the media, mailing and promotions. Using the cost per thousand method will help to measure our cost effectiveness of our ads and compare promotions at separate publicity rates and will give us a specific cost to deliver our message to over 1,000 people.From bags to riches will continue to en vision where the company is going and where we need the company to be within the next three to five years. We are ultimately reaching for the best customer satisfaction as well generating higher sales. Our company will add three new employees every six to nine months. Office space will expand accordingly. We will have two team leaders to every manager so that manager will have the help they need. Future results for the coming year will be Gross sales: $154,000 Net profit: $12,400 V. Monitoring and Control StrategiesIn order to better serve our customers From Bags to Riches will monitor and control our product. Using the AIDA model will encourage our customers with action, desire, interest, and attention. With database marketing, we can build relationships and learn our customers’ preferences. It can also attract new customers. We need feedback and opinions from our valued customers so that we are capable of serving them to the highest quality of needs. We can evaluate our str ategy by measuring the consumer’s response to sales promotions.We will also be able to evaluate and compare sales performances by area and sales force. a) Research Using market research will help the company understand what exactly the competitors are doing that we aren’t. We can also use online research techniques that can test our customers’ reactions to product ideas, which is faster than other research. We will be able to know what special products, service or pricing offers do the customers get from my competition. By using copy testing method, we can find out if our promotional ads are working for our consumers.This will tell us whether our consumers are receiving and responding to our ads. I will be able to find out needed information to better my sales and my company. I need to ask questions such as how are other companies’ products or services similar to my product and services. The key to winning the target market is to differentiate my company by providing products, services, or solutions that my customers will find more desirable than what’s offered by my competitors. b) Trend Analysis From Bags to Riches will do a seasonal trend analysis to understand the new and upcoming styles for our customers.This will give us an insight to what exactly our customers want and enjoy. Our store image would be luxury and elegance. Our personnel should match the store’s image. At this point, we will be in our growth stage and we will need new and improved advertising to make us stick out from our competition. c) Marketing Audit A Marketing audit will be done annually. This will be helpful for our company and our customers. This can help fix problems we have internally and problems that are outside of the company’s authority. We can reinforce our mission statement and maybe enable us to offer new products.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

rain water harwesting Essays

rain water harwesting Essays rain water harwesting Essay rain water harwesting Essay * What made you take up rain water harvesting? The social responsibility towards the society, environment and global awareness initiative taken by the cooperates and Government made us to think and support to achieve the goal of go green and also to reduce the operational cost save huge amounts on water bills We think about Rain Water Harvesting because we want to give something to nature the nature will take care of our future on this consent. We start Rain Water Harvesting project. we have to decide the proper place for Rain Water Harvesting for that we have to divert all rain water to harvesting unit by gravity only. So after survey of our property we collect rain water from our catchment area such as rooftop, tennis court area, playground and other. It is very challenging Job but we done this Job successfully. After selecting the place we check the soil strata on different area and select the proper soil strata having good percolation speed. We had done Rain Water Harvesting project by ringwell recharging method. What were the challenges faced during set up the system? Rain water harvesting in a marshy land itself if a challenge because there is a limit of depth if we cross the limit we cant reuse this water as this will mix with a salt water secondly we are doing this in the operational area where we are disturbing / inconvenience to our regular guests. * Did you work with consultants and specialists to set up the system? Can you throw some light on this association? Yes, we work together with M/s Sun light consultancy Pvt Ltd. Company which working this field from last ten years. Also it had completed 400 projects in Mumbai itself. Todays they save store 10 million liter of water per day in rain season in Mumbai we are proud of that one of them is The Club * What does the maintenance of the set up comprise of? Once or twice a year, at very little cost. Remember rainwater harvesting means that you have to get involved. This is about making water all our business. This is about building our relationship with water. With the environment. Harvest rain. Learn the value of each raindrop. * How much was invested in the set up and in the long run how much do you intend save by reducing usage of tankers and other water sources? The total investment for this project first phase was Rs 384,000/-and we save Rs. 1400, 000/-in a year reusing 7 tankers per day on an average for the year * What are the other long term benefits you see of setting up the rain water harvesting system? By capturing water directly, we can significantly reduce our reliance on water storage dams. This places less stress on these water storages and can potentlally reduce tne need to expand tnese dams or Dulla new ones. collecting and using your own water can also significantly reduce your water bills. By capturing ater, the flow of stormwater is also reduced and this minimises the likelihood of overloading the stormwater systems in our neighborhoods and also operational cost controlling From this project we get long term benefit is to increase the ground water table of our premises. By increasing this ground water table our surrounding trees plants will grownup fast create the greenery. This greenery will decrease the air pollution in our premises. Second benefit of this project is we can use this store water for gardening flushing. That means we are not using corporation pure water for such ctivity. That means we are not using such water which required lot of energy chemical for pure it. * According to you, how important is to emulate similar environmentally aware steps for the hospitality industry? Tourism operations worldwide are increasingly being judged on their Eco-credentials, as more and more guests choose to support the greener-ecd hotels Government are also starting to incentivize hotels that takes steps to reduce power and water usages as environmental issues take to the world stage. The importance of Ecotourism/ hospitality industry is simple: it ensures that ur natural and cultural heritage is maintained and improved, that tribal and archaeological resources are protected and the local economy benefits directly. Environmentally friendly hotels not only save money for the owner/Manager, bur also resources for the world, while at the same time letting their guests continue doing good things for the environment. Many guests will be attracted to the green- Eco hotel Just because it is taking environmentally friendly steps. Whether its water or energy conservation, recycling, or reducing the consumption of natural resources hrough bulk amenities and newspaper programs, a positive impact can be made through simple steps. In our country hospitality industry are very huge therefore no. of people in this industry are also huge. In this industry water role is very important so if we educate the people regarding this rain water harvesting project water impotency them they can understand how we can improve environment in our day to day life. If they can see this project in their premises they can tell other people about this project how it is beneficiary for layman in our life.

Monday, October 21, 2019

Protecting the rights of immigrant workers

Protecting the rights of immigrant workers Introduction Immigrant workers refer to those who move from their home countries to other countries in search of labor. It is evident that many countries have continued violating the rights of these immigrants. The following is a report on possible ways of protecting the rights of these workers. It is also a recommendation of policies that the government can use to protect the rights of immigrant workers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Protecting the rights of immigrant workers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Recommendations The origin government should establish a link with the host country, which monitors how the host government treats its citizens. Another feasible way of protecting the rights of these workers is through the provision of accurate and reliable information. Many immigrant workers make their decision based on false decisions about opportunities outside their countries. They end up in the hands of smugglers and other crude agencies that mistreat them. Therefore, the government has the responsibility of providing relevant information to ensure that they make informed decisions before moving. Immigration and citizenship policies Immigration policies are plans that regulate the movement of people across geographical borders. In most cases, the policies deal with those who move in search of employment. One of the best policies is the introduction of global/transnational citizenship. This citizenship comes with rights that help in protecting the rights of immigrants. This is possible because national citizenship does not mandate law enforcement agencies to take action on violators of the rights of immigrants. For instance, the United Nations Conventions on human rights have no meaning if the local government does not recognize them. Transnational citizenship develops a uniform approach to rights of immigrants. However, national citizenship is important because it creates a sense of belonging among the holders. Another feasible immigration policy is the bilateral agreements signed between the origin and destination countries. These agreements come along with the rights of immigrants as well as procedures and remedies for violation of these rights. The origin government can use this panel to negotiate for improved rights of the workers. The two governments can also appoint a monitoring committee that evaluates the performance of the agreement. Immigration comes with different cultures and beliefs. Some of these beliefs cannot be applied outside the origin country. The government must come up with different regulation on how to monitor the immigrants. It should be able to identify the countries that are capable of producing skilled workers. The compatibility of cultures between different countries helps in protecting the rights of citizens and noncitizens.Advertising Looking for essay on administrative law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The government should also establish a taskforce that regulates the employment of immigrant workers. This taskforce should have the mandate of taking legal action against the violators of immigrant workers’ rights. Employers exploit the rights of immigrants because there are no policies that regulate their behavior. This policy will ensure that employers do not take advantage of desperate immigrants looking for job opportunities. Conclusion From the above discussion, it is clear that protecting the rights of immigrants begins at the national level. It is difficult for countries to incorporate international laws in their national laws. For example, the United Nations has different regulations regarding citizenship and rights of immigrants. However, different countries use their own regulation and disregard the United Nations laws. Non-member countries will ignore the United Nations regulation and laws. Therefore, action on protect ion of the rights of immigrant workers should begin at the national level. So much can be done to improve protection of rights of immigrants by applying the ways that the report has discussed.

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Comparing and contrasting The Lamb to the slaughter and The Vendetta Essays

Comparing and contrasting The Lamb to the slaughter and The Vendetta Essays Comparing and contrasting The Lamb to the slaughter and The Vendetta Paper Comparing and contrasting The Lamb to the slaughter and The Vendetta Paper Essay Topic: Literature In this essay I will be comparing and contrasting the stories of the Vendetta and The lamb to the slaughter. These two stories are about revenge. I will compare and contrast the way revenge is presented in both stories. In the story of The lamb to the slaughter, the main character is Mary Maloney. In the beginning Mary is portrayed as being a loving and devoted wife that dotes on her husband. Mary appears to love every little thing about her husband, she loved him for the way he sat loosely in his chair. At this point in the story Marys life seems almost perfect, she had everything she could ever want. She was pregnant, living in a comfortable house and with a husband she loved dearly. Things were going so well that something must go wrong. As soon as Patrick, Marys husband, tells Mary of his news she acts like nothing has happened, although she is clearly in shock. her first instinct was not to believe any of it, to reject it all. What Patrick said must have affected Mary strongly, even giving her the desire to vomit. Before Patrick had told her his news, Mary seemed content and comfortable. I think Mary started to suspect something wasnt right when Patrick told her to sit down. He acted strongly by saying it twice, Almost begging her to sit down, just for a minute, sit down. It was at this point that Mary got scared. Although as soon as he had told her she just went into a state of denial and carried on getting the supper. What he said didnt sink in, or maybe it did and Mary just chose no to think about it even though she was obviously upset. While Mary went to get the supper she was almost like a robot, everything was automatic In the deep freeze she found a frozen leg of lamb and carried it back up the cellar steps. Upon reaching the top Patrick said for gods sake, dont make supper for me. Im going out. As he spoke something inside Mary clicked, what he had just told her seemed to sink in. Mary walked up behind Patrick and hit him across the back of the head with the frozen leg of lamb, which she had picked out for their supper. Calmly, Mary stepped back, still not realising what she had done. Patrick fell to the floor and the crashing noise of his fall made Mary realise what she had done. She calmly took in the fact he was dead by saying, all right and so Ive killed him. As soon as Mary had realised that she had killed her husband, she became devious. She started to think of the consequences and what would happen to her and her baby. Mary wasnt stupid, she knew that there would probably be a death penalty, yet she didnt know what would happen to the baby. Even though Mary had just killed her husband she still cared about her unborn child. For this reason Mary devised a plan and alibi in her head. She would act as normal. She practiced going to the shop and asking for some potatoes and a can of peas. Mary practised this in front of her mirror and applied her make up. As soon as she felt that her voice sounded normal, Mary left her dead husband lying on the floor and went to the shop. On her return, she saw the body of Patrick. Upon seeing the lifeless body Mary was truly shocked. She had convinced herself that she hadnt killed him, or even hit him. Mary had made herself believe this was just a normal day. By doing so Mary felt all the pain and horror of finding her husband dead again, yet this time she was heartbroken. The Widow Saverini is first presented to us as a poor old woman that loves her son, she lives alone with him and their dog. We know she is poor as the text says alone with her son in a poor little house. When Antoine Saverini, the widows son was murdered, his body was taken back to the widow. This would make us feel sympathetic towards the widow as she has to see the bloody body of her dead child. The widow is clearly extremely distressed over Antoines death and swears revenge on his killer. When the widow first saw the lifeless body of her son, she didnt even cry which gives us the impression she was in deep shock. She must have felt great pain over Antoines death and she locks herself, and the dog, into the house with Antoines body. Once locked in she broke down and wept great silent tears. We are told later on in the story that the widow is religious, as she goes to church and prays. I believe that this is why she swore revenge. As some religious people believe that the only way the soul can rest is if the death is avenged. As there was no-one else to carry out the vendetta the widow had no choice but to seek revenge herself. At the beginning of the story the widow is portrayed as a loving mother that is grieving for her dead son whom she loved and cared for. As the story progresses however the widow appears to become obsessed with avenging her sons death. All day long, sitting by the window, she looked over there and pondered revenge. Her whole life seems to revolve around avenging her son. As soon as the widow thinks of a plan of revenge, she becomes devious. She plans out far ahead and prepares everything perfectly. She trains the dog for three month, patiently waiting until the dog will follow her command perfectly. The widow then disguises herself before she carrys out her main objective. At the end of the story we see the widow as ruthless, but we remember her as a loving mother that is determined to carry out a promise she made to her son, whatever the cost. Both Mary and the Widow are very intelligent. We know this because they both cover their tracks exceptionally well. The Widow does this by disguising her self as an old man whereas Mary does not use a physical disguise, but instead conceals her guilt. The two women are from different generations and cultures, as well as the stories being set in different time eras. The Widow and Mary both dont seem to care what happens to them at first, Mary sees no life for herself without her husband and the widow is old and sees her life as pointless now her son has gone. Later on however Mary thinks about her baby and doesnt want to leave it and so makes sure that there is no way anyone would ever no it was her that was infact the murderer. Both women are manipulative, Mary is talented at acting and acts innocent and upset at the death of her husband. Mary not only convinces herself of her innocence but also manages to convince the police. The widow manipulates the dog, by training it to do as she says. Mary is rather impulsive and kills Patrick on the spur of the moment, however the Widow takes her time to carefully plan out the murder. Although we know clearly why the widow seeks revenge we do not know why Mary does because the author does not tell us. The effect of not knowing means we assume the worst, as it must have been really bad to compel her to murder the man she doted on and adored. Both the women used murder as their revenge, Mary killing her husband and the Widow killing her sons murderer. We get the impression that Patrick told Mary he was leaving her. If this was the case then both Mary and the Widow turned to murder because they had lost someone they loved. Both revenges are different. Marys revenge is spontaneous, but the Widows is planned out perfectly. Marys revenge seems to be the perfect crime, whereas the Widow has a few flaws in her plan, such as many people knowing she had a motive and also the fact many people saw her, even if dressed as an old man. Although it doesnt matter as much that the Widows crime had a few flaws because she didnt seem to care as much if she was caught as she was old and felt that she had nothing left to live for now her son had gone, whereas Mary was expecting her first child. The revenge I preferred was Marys. The crime was so perfect and I admire her intelligence and acting skills. In my opinion the Widow was to cold blooded whereas I can understand Marys motives more. I loved the way Mary acted around the police, even convincing them to eat the murder weapon whilst they were supposed to be searching for it.

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Managing the Environment (MEWK3 DQ2) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managing the Environment (MEWK3 DQ2) - Essay Example Brand extension is the introduction of a new host of products under some of a company's strongest brand names (Kotler & Keller 2008, p. 280). Perhaps, one of the most effective defenses for brand extensions is to list success stories of such strategy. Let us take for example Apple, Inc. and Steve Jobs - they have successfully leveraged on one of their brands, the iPod which is now featuring a wide range of mobile entertainment products. According to a study done by Ying, Jin and Yi, "the higher the consumers' degree of information exposure, the higher product knowledge and impulse purchasing behavior" (2008, p. 418). Brand extensions is one of the more effective ways of providing information exposures of the products to the consumers. Encouraging the consumer's impulse buying behavior is necessary in retailing: "Previous studies discovered that 39% of all department store purchases and 67% of all general store purchases are impulse purchases" (Ying, Jin & Yi 2008, p. 419). Moreover, Lei, de Ruyter and Wetzels found out that "a parent brand receives more positive evaluations after the introduction of a step-up extension than that of a step-down extension' (2008, p. 268). It seems here, then, that whether a brand extension is successful or not, it will still be beneficial to the parent brand. On the other hand a successful brand extension "can not only contribute to the parent brand image but also enable a brand

Friday, October 18, 2019

Interprofessional team working in healthcare delivery Essay - 1

Interprofessional team working in healthcare delivery - Essay Example Mutual team work and collaborative care have rapidly improved the health care operations and service delivery in many health care centers (Barrett and keeping, 2005, p. 40). Inter-professional team work is very effective in improving the patient health safety and heath care services (Barrett and keeping, 2005, p. 40). Inter-professional team work has reduced the backlog and burn out associated with inadequate health professionals (Barrett and keeping, 2005, p. 40). Inter-professional team work is also responsible of reducing the professional workloads and patient morbidity (Department of health 2010, p. 324). With effective inter-professional team work in health care institutions, health care professionals enjoy job satisfaction. Patient and patient caretakers need to be involved squarely in the treatment process (Zwarenstein 2008, p. 67). Their ideas and opinions are excitedly valuable and relevant in the diagnosis and treatment process (Barrett and keeping, 2005, p. 40). The core purpose of selecting the Tom case is to expound on the dangers associated with lack of inter-professional team work in the healthcare setting. The case portrays some of the very sensitive ethical and legal issues which should be the base line in designing professional legislations and policies (Cohen 2007, 340). The 20 years old Tom died out of aspiration pneumonia and reflux oesophagistis. The disease was diagnosed long time ago and measures to rectify the problem recommended. The entire concerned professionals in the hospital were not committed and willing to take prompt actions on the Toms’ health condition .The parent (Tom’s parents) concern over Tom’s pain was not listened to by the relevant health professionals. Tom was also infected with multiple learning disabilities which forced him to attend a special school. In the school, the parents raised concern over their child future but no action was taken by the school administration. The reluctance of the health professionals and the school to cooperate with Tom’s parent raised some ethical and legal issues. Ethical and Legal Issues There are several health ethical principles that are relevant in Tom’s case (Glasby 2007, p. 78). To start with, the main obligation of the health care professionals in Tom’s case was purely to protect his health and life (Prescott 2006, p 90). In this case, the hospital professionals never complied with their core obligation. According to the Department of health (2006, p. 69), under this ethical principle, the health profes

Phyllida Barlow's dock Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Phyllida Barlow's dock - Essay Example The ceilings hold the sculptures, laid on the ground, sprawl over the marble floor, with which she permanently disrupts the natural flow of visitors through the space. Barlow is a talented artist who has caught the attention of most exhibitions. Barlow was born in 1944 in Newcastle, England, though she spent most of tender age in London. In London, she went to Chelsea Collage of Art and later became a Professor Emerita at the Slade School of Fine Art. Barlow had a great influence on Young British Artists (YBAs). She mentored many internationally famous students, namely, Martin Creed, Angela de la Cruz, and Douglas Gordon to the Turner Prize winner Rachel Whiteread. Barlow came into the international limelight because of her shows at the Migros Museum and Vienna’s BAWAG Foundation from 2010. The commission of Dock, 2014for Duveen Galleries is a significant establishment in Barlow’s career as a sculpture artist. As for a sculptor, it is one of the most visible platforms in the country essentially a long and cavernous hall with vaulted ceilings from which various galleries radiate. Dock, 2014 is reportedly inspired by the view of a shipping container on the River Thames located nearly Tate Britain. Gothic, slapstick, over-reaching, trammeling, dock presents the world as a theatre set, a gigantic childs play of sculptural ambition, an anti-monumental act of deconstruction, and a huge bricolage. The seven sculptures collectively collapse, jostle and stretch out over the 100-yard in length, 16-yard tall in Duveen Court. The first most eye-catching object is the intricate Dock: 5hungblocks, 2013. The five chunky rectangular forms almost look like trapped in the disorderly arranged wooden fence, suspended by red straps intruded by several tubes. The weightless sense of suspending an object with the illusion of water flowing in the air intrigues Barlow. In an interview,

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Business Ethics in the Age of Globalization Essay

Business Ethics in the Age of Globalization - Essay Example To make matters worse, the client is dying from leukemia. The insurance company has wrongfully failed to honour his client’s claim. The option is to file a suit. It is unfortunate that it is now too late for the client to get the bone marrow transplant that would have saved his life. In his final semester at law school Rudy Baylor is required to provide pro bono legal advice to a group of older citizens. He meets the first of clients who happen to be couple by the name Dot and Buddy Black. The couple has a son, Donny Ray. The couple’s son happens to be dying of leukemia. Their insurance company has blatantly failed to pay for Donny’s medical treatment. Rudy is skeptical to begin with but he soon realizes that the Black citizens had really been mistreated by the large insurance company. He also thinks that he may have come upon one of the largest insurance frauds ever and one of the most profitable and vital cases in the entire history of civil litigation (Matten & Crane, 2010) Protection procedure for employees who have ethics concerns There should be a disciplinary committee which is established to deal with staff members who are accused of engaging in unethical behavior. The committee will be tasked with receiving complaints regarding any member of staff who is alleged to have engaged in behavior which the claimed to be unethical. The board should is tasked with making of decisions on a matter reported to it anonymously by any person who feels aggrieved by the conduct of the employee. The employee affected should be notified in writing of the charges against him or her and also given a date in which he or she should appear for a hearing. The employee should be afforded adequate time to prepare his or her defence and also get a free and fair hearing. There should also be a review board which would act as an appellate tribunal. The review board would have the task of handling the appeals of an aggrieved employee. The composition of the disciplinary committee should include all cadres of staff. Thus there should be a representation from both the management and those employees who hold lower positions. This would make them it more representative and competent to handle all the cases from the different departments. The Management of the company should not be too involved in the disciplinary process. The management should however be represented both at the disciplinary committee level and also at the Review board level so that their views may be taken into account because they a very vital position in running the affairs of the organization. An outside consultant should only be involved at the review board level. They should sit at the board and give their opinions to the board of what they think the decision should have been. However the Review Board should reserve the right to reject or accept the findings of an outside consultant but there must be compelling reasons for the Consultant’s findings to be rejected. The review board is required to act without breaches of confidence. They thu s should not divulge any information which would be prejudicial to the employee concerned and also information which would cause harm to the complainant should not be released to people

Statutory and voluntary regulations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Statutory and voluntary regulations - Essay Example This research will focus on two imperative issues: The first issue will involve a comparative analysis of the rules and regulations guiding osteopathy as a therapeutic service in the United Kingdom and those that rules guiding sports therapy. The second issue will entail a critique of these regulations in relation to public perspectives and their understanding on what therapists should offer. In the United Kingdom, the provision of Osteopathic services is guided by Osteopaths Act of 1993. In order for an osteopath to provide osteopathic services, one has to be registered by the General Osteopathic Council (Osteopathic Act, 1993). In order to be registered by the General Osteopathic Council, one has to be a qualified osteopath under the benchmarks set by the General Osteopathic Council. In addition, the General Osteopathic Council sets standards that are supposed to be met by osteopaths, and has a provision that allows clients to file complaints in case these standards are not met. This act also specifies the services that should be provided by osteopaths and to specific patients for instance: The provision stipulates that osteopaths can offer their services to; the young, the older, expectant women, office employees, manual workders and sports person (Osteopathic Act, 1993). The services offered are inclusive of; treatment of problems that may be caused by changes in pre gnancy postures, general postural problems caused by physical strain and driving, pains caused by arthritis as well as back pains. However, in the case of Sports Therapy, there is no clear act of parliament that has been implemented to ensure that this dimension of medical service provision is statutorily regulated and observed (Hudson, 2008). Currently, the UK Society of Sports Therapy is making unlimited efforts to ensure that the objective of statutory recognition of Sports

Green Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Green Business - Assignment Example I have decided to install some renewable source of power that does not require any fossil fuels such as coal, petrol or diesel. Also by using such renewable source of power, I will help reduce the load of CO2 from the environment. For renewable source of energy, it has been decided to install solar PV cell based system that not only meets my energy requirements but will produce surplus electricity that will be sold at the prevailing rates to the electrical grid. The advantage is that the PV based solar energy is covered for feed-in-tariffs for the generation of renewable power and that is how this project can generate decent revenue even after meeting captive requirements. Producing and Selling Green Energy The technology selected is Solar PV cell based with inverter, batteries and meters. PV cells or in scientific world known as photovoltaic is heart of the system. The benefit with such technology is that it is eco-friendly–without any harmful effects on environment. It requi res only one-time capital investment and there is no operating cost involved. Maintenance cost is hardly any except batteries that need to be replaced only after 3-4 year period. The photovoltaic cells are made of silicon microchips or wafers and due to their unique property they absorb solar energy to produce electrical energy. Higher the solar energy, more the electrical current or power it can produce. The direct current can be converted into AC current by the equipment called inverter and the power can be stored in the array of batteries. A typical PV based solar energy system can be shown as per the following diagram. Source: http://homepower.com/basics/solar/#MainDCDisconnect Project Report for PV based Solar System Installation Capacity- 10kWh Name of the Company Producing PV Solar System 1. Freesource Energy, UK 2. Techno Sun, UK 3. First Solar, US 4. Solar Europa, UK The plan is to produce 10 kW-hour of renewable source of energy with captive consumption of 5kW-hour and bal ance will be sold to the electric grid at the prevailing rates. Costs The current cost of 2.77kW-hour system is found to be ?11,000 (including VAT at 5%). The investment required for 10kW-hour system is approximately ? 45,000. (Solar Electricity) Consumption The Production unit will consume 2kW and balance 8 kW will be sold to the grid through a scheme called feed-in-tariffs. Understanding Feed-in-Tariffs The Feed-in-Tariffs are available to those who own and produce renewable source of energy. The tariffs for Solar PV based unit for 4-10kW production unit are 37.8p/kWh of energy. The benefit is available for the duration of 25 years. (Tariff Levels†¦ 2011) Revenue Calculation A) By Selling Surplus Power The surplus power that is available is 8kW and that can be sold to grid. Considering daily production for about 12 hours, the per day revenue will incur 37.8?8?12 =?36.28 Considering 150 days of solar energy production in a year (number of days solar energy available) it will g enerate revenue of 150?36.28= ?5443 B) Saving Incurred by Captive Consumption Captive consumption is again 2kW and since no operating cost is involved to produce it, whatever payment is made in buying grid electricity is now saved. Considering conventional average grid electricity charges of 10p per kWh, and working of 10 hours in a day, per day saving comes to 2?10?10=?2 Again, assuming available benefit for 150 days (number of days s

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Business Ethics in the Age of Globalization Essay

Business Ethics in the Age of Globalization - Essay Example To make matters worse, the client is dying from leukemia. The insurance company has wrongfully failed to honour his client’s claim. The option is to file a suit. It is unfortunate that it is now too late for the client to get the bone marrow transplant that would have saved his life. In his final semester at law school Rudy Baylor is required to provide pro bono legal advice to a group of older citizens. He meets the first of clients who happen to be couple by the name Dot and Buddy Black. The couple has a son, Donny Ray. The couple’s son happens to be dying of leukemia. Their insurance company has blatantly failed to pay for Donny’s medical treatment. Rudy is skeptical to begin with but he soon realizes that the Black citizens had really been mistreated by the large insurance company. He also thinks that he may have come upon one of the largest insurance frauds ever and one of the most profitable and vital cases in the entire history of civil litigation (Matten & Crane, 2010) Protection procedure for employees who have ethics concerns There should be a disciplinary committee which is established to deal with staff members who are accused of engaging in unethical behavior. The committee will be tasked with receiving complaints regarding any member of staff who is alleged to have engaged in behavior which the claimed to be unethical. The board should is tasked with making of decisions on a matter reported to it anonymously by any person who feels aggrieved by the conduct of the employee. The employee affected should be notified in writing of the charges against him or her and also given a date in which he or she should appear for a hearing. The employee should be afforded adequate time to prepare his or her defence and also get a free and fair hearing. There should also be a review board which would act as an appellate tribunal. The review board would have the task of handling the appeals of an aggrieved employee. The composition of the disciplinary committee should include all cadres of staff. Thus there should be a representation from both the management and those employees who hold lower positions. This would make them it more representative and competent to handle all the cases from the different departments. The Management of the company should not be too involved in the disciplinary process. The management should however be represented both at the disciplinary committee level and also at the Review board level so that their views may be taken into account because they a very vital position in running the affairs of the organization. An outside consultant should only be involved at the review board level. They should sit at the board and give their opinions to the board of what they think the decision should have been. However the Review Board should reserve the right to reject or accept the findings of an outside consultant but there must be compelling reasons for the Consultant’s findings to be rejected. The review board is required to act without breaches of confidence. They thu s should not divulge any information which would be prejudicial to the employee concerned and also information which would cause harm to the complainant should not be released to people

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Green Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Green Business - Assignment Example I have decided to install some renewable source of power that does not require any fossil fuels such as coal, petrol or diesel. Also by using such renewable source of power, I will help reduce the load of CO2 from the environment. For renewable source of energy, it has been decided to install solar PV cell based system that not only meets my energy requirements but will produce surplus electricity that will be sold at the prevailing rates to the electrical grid. The advantage is that the PV based solar energy is covered for feed-in-tariffs for the generation of renewable power and that is how this project can generate decent revenue even after meeting captive requirements. Producing and Selling Green Energy The technology selected is Solar PV cell based with inverter, batteries and meters. PV cells or in scientific world known as photovoltaic is heart of the system. The benefit with such technology is that it is eco-friendly–without any harmful effects on environment. It requi res only one-time capital investment and there is no operating cost involved. Maintenance cost is hardly any except batteries that need to be replaced only after 3-4 year period. The photovoltaic cells are made of silicon microchips or wafers and due to their unique property they absorb solar energy to produce electrical energy. Higher the solar energy, more the electrical current or power it can produce. The direct current can be converted into AC current by the equipment called inverter and the power can be stored in the array of batteries. A typical PV based solar energy system can be shown as per the following diagram. Source: http://homepower.com/basics/solar/#MainDCDisconnect Project Report for PV based Solar System Installation Capacity- 10kWh Name of the Company Producing PV Solar System 1. Freesource Energy, UK 2. Techno Sun, UK 3. First Solar, US 4. Solar Europa, UK The plan is to produce 10 kW-hour of renewable source of energy with captive consumption of 5kW-hour and bal ance will be sold to the electric grid at the prevailing rates. Costs The current cost of 2.77kW-hour system is found to be ?11,000 (including VAT at 5%). The investment required for 10kW-hour system is approximately ? 45,000. (Solar Electricity) Consumption The Production unit will consume 2kW and balance 8 kW will be sold to the grid through a scheme called feed-in-tariffs. Understanding Feed-in-Tariffs The Feed-in-Tariffs are available to those who own and produce renewable source of energy. The tariffs for Solar PV based unit for 4-10kW production unit are 37.8p/kWh of energy. The benefit is available for the duration of 25 years. (Tariff Levels†¦ 2011) Revenue Calculation A) By Selling Surplus Power The surplus power that is available is 8kW and that can be sold to grid. Considering daily production for about 12 hours, the per day revenue will incur 37.8?8?12 =?36.28 Considering 150 days of solar energy production in a year (number of days solar energy available) it will g enerate revenue of 150?36.28= ?5443 B) Saving Incurred by Captive Consumption Captive consumption is again 2kW and since no operating cost is involved to produce it, whatever payment is made in buying grid electricity is now saved. Considering conventional average grid electricity charges of 10p per kWh, and working of 10 hours in a day, per day saving comes to 2?10?10=?2 Again, assuming available benefit for 150 days (number of days s

Critically Thinking About Ethics and Assessment Essay Example for Free

Critically Thinking About Ethics and Assessment Essay 1. The four critical areas that are addressed in these standards include developing and selecting appropriate tests, administering and scoring tests, reporting and interpreting test results, and informing test takers. The two focus groups are the test developers and test users. Test developers are people and organizations that construct tests and set policies for testing programs while test users are those who select and administer tests, commission test development services, and make decisions based on the test scores. As a future teacher, counselor, or social worker, I think that I would fit the definition of test users because I would be conducting tests and making decisions from the results of the tests. 2. I believe that the most important issue among the guidelines for appropriate psychological assessment when it comes to children and adolescents would be 9. 03-b. It states, â€Å"Psychologists inform persons with questionable capacity to consent or for whom testing is mandated by law or governmental regulations about the nature and purpose of the proposed assessment services, using language that is reasonably understandable to the person being assessed. † This is important because young people who would undergo testing need to understand clearly what they are about to go through, as well as the reasons as to why they need to be assessed. They need to be talked to in a language and level where they can make a decision whether or not to give consent to the assessment. 3. The first guideline, which is â€Å"Protection Against High-Stakes Decisions Based on a Single Test† is important because it states that students should have the protection of not being judged based on a single test score. A single test score does not prove that much and students should be evaluated based on a series of tests. It is only fair that they be given multiple chances to prove what they are capable of as students. 4. In the â€Å"Screening and Assessment of Young English-Language Learners,† it is stated that the role of the family in the assessment of young English-language learners is important. Young students need the support that they can get from their families so that they can become confident in learning the language. Aside from this, it is also important for professionals to inform the families of the students’ improvements.

Monday, October 14, 2019

Assessing Pain in in Post Operative Breast Cancer Patients

Assessing Pain in in Post Operative Breast Cancer Patients Comparison between Brief  Pain  Inventory (BPI) and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) for post-operative pain assessment in Saudi Arabian  breast cancer patients. Questions Does  BPI assess  post-operative breast cancer pain  more  accurately than NRS? Summary: Effective pain assessment is one of the  fundamental  criteria  of the  management of  pain. It involves  the  evaluation of pain intensity, location of the pain and response to treatment. There are  a  number  of multi and one-dimensional assessment tools  that  have already been established to assess cancer pain. Among these  are the  Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) and  the  Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Breast cancer is  a growing public  concern in Saudi Arabia  as rates continue to escalate, with patients  also  suffering multiple problems after surgery. Therefore, my research aim is to  conduct a  comparative study  of tools  used to  assess post-operative breast cancer pain  in  Saudi Arabian  patients  and determine which is the most effective. In this process I will use questionnaires for both nurses and patients to collect data,  followed by statistical analysis and  a  comparative  study between  the  BPI and NRS. Research Hypothesis: BPI assesses  post-operative breast cancer pain  in Saudi Arabian  patients  more  accurately than NRS.   Null hypothesis: There is no significant difference between BPI and NRS  as tools for  assessing post-operative breast cancer pain  in  Saudi Arabian  patients Background: Pain is defined as  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœthe normal, predicted physiological response to an adverse chemical, thermal or mechanical stimulus related with surgery, trauma or acute illness’ (Carr and Goudas, 1999).  Pain assessment is a crucial component for the effective management of post-operative pain in relation to breast cancer. The patient’s report is the main  resource  of information  regarding the  characterisation and evaluation of pain; as such, assessment is  the ‘dynamic method of explanation of the syndrome of the pain, patho-physiology and  the basis for  designing a protocol for its management’  (Yomiya, 2011). A recent survey  questioned almost 900 physicians  897 and found  that  76% reported substandard  pain assessment  procedures  as the single most important barrier  to  suitable  pain management (Roenn  et al, 1993). Breast cancer is characterized by  a  lump or thickening in  the  breast, discharge or bleeding,  a  change in colour of  the  areola, redness or pitting of skin  and a  marble like area under  the  skin (WebMD, 2014[A1]). Breast cancer  has a high prevalence rate globally and is the second most diagnosed cancer in women. Approximately  1.7 million cases were reported in 2012  alone  (WCRFI, 2014). In 2014,  just over  15,000  women  have  already  been  diagnosed with breast cancer: this figure is predicted to rise to around 17,200 in 2020 Breast cancer  has also been identified  as one of the major cancer related problems in Saudi Arabia, with 6,922 women were  assessed[A2]  for breast cancer between 2001-2008 (Alghamdi,  2013[A3]). D  Pain assessment tools Polit  et al  (2006) conducted  a systematic review of the evidence base  and  recorded a total of  80 different assessment tools that  contained  at least one pain item. The  tools were then  categorised into pain tools  (n=48)  and general symptoms tools  (n=32) . They were then  separated into uni-dimensional  tools  (which measure the pain intensity)  and multi-dimensional tools  (include more than one pain dimension). 33%  of all pain tools  (n=16) were uni-dimensional, and  50% of all  general symptom tools  (n=16)were uni-dimensional. 58% of the uni-dimensional tools  employed  single  item scales such as  the  Visual  Analogue  Scale (VAS), Verbal Rating Scales (VRS)  and NRS (Numerical  Rating  Scale). The most common dimension  included  was pain intensity, present in 60% of  tools. In  the assessed tools, 60% assessed pain  in a  multi-dimensional  format. Among  pain tools,  67% were found   to be  multi-dimensional  compared with 50% of the general symptom tools.  38% of all multi-dimensional tools were two-dimensional.  The most  commonly used  dimension was  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœintensity’,  present  in 75% of  all  multi-dimensional tools. Other common  dimensions  include  interference, location  and beliefs. All the dimensions were specifically targeted by two particular tools which were disease-specific tools and tools that measure pains affect, beliefs, and coping-related  issues[A4]. Multidimensional Pain assessment tools: F  The  adequate measurement of pain  requires  more than one tool. Melzack and Casey (1968)  highlight that  pain assessment  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœshould include three dimensions which are sensory-discriminative, motivational-affective and cognitive-evaluative’.  This builds on the  earlier  proposal of  Beecher (1959)  who considered that all tools should include the  two dimensions  of  pain and reaction to pain. Cleeland (1989)  considered that  the  two dimensions  should be classified  as sensory and reactive. Sensory dimensions  should record  the intensity or severity  of pain  and the reactive dimensions should include accurate measures of interference  in the  daily function  of the patient.   Multi-dimensional pain assessments generally consist of  six  dimensions: physiologic, sensory, affective, cognitive, behavioural and sociocultural (McGuire, 1992). Cleeland (1989)  interviewed patients and  found  that  seven items could effectively measure the intensity and effects of the pain in daily activities: these  comprise  of  general activity, walking, work, mood, enjoyment of life, relations with others and sleep. These elements were later subdivided  into two groups: ‘REM’  (relations with others, enjoyment of life and mood) and  Ã¢â‚¬ËœWAW’  (walking, general activity and work). Later, Cleeland  et al  (1996) developed  the  Brief  Pain  Inventory (BPI) in both  its  short and long form.  It was designed  to capture two  categories  of interference such as  activity and affect on  emotions.  The  BPI provides  a relatively  quick and easy method  of measuring  the  intensity  of pa in  and the  level of  interference  in the  daily activities of the  sufferer. With the BPI  tool, patients are graded  on  a 0-10 and it  was  specifically  designed  for the  assessment of  cancer related pain. Patients  are  asked  about the intensity of the pain that they are experiencing at present, as well as the pain intensity over  the last 24 hours as  the  worst, least  or  average  pain (also  on a scale of 0-10). Each  scale is bound  by the words ‘no pain’  (0) and  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœpain as bad as you can imagine’  (10). Patients are also  requested  to rate the degree to which pain interferes  with their  daily activities within the seven  domains  on a scale of 0-10.  that comprise general activity, walking, mood, sleep, work, relations with other persons, and enjoyment of life using similar scales of 0 to  10[A5]. These scales are only confined by the words ‘does not interfere’ and ‘interferes  completely[A6]’ (Tan  et al, 2004).  Validation of BPI across the world among the different language people has already been justified.  [A7]Additionally, the localization of the pain in the body  could be  [A8]assessed and details of current medication are assessed (Caraceni  et al, 1996). Uni-dimensional pain assessment tool:   Previous studies  have  shown  that  the  Numerical  Rating  Scale (NRS) had the power to assess pain intensity for patients  experiencing chronic pain and was also an effective assessment tool for patients with cancer related pain. The  NRS consists of a numerical scale range between 0-100 where 0 was considered as one extreme point represented no pain and 100 was considered other extreme point which represented bad/ worse pain  (Jensen et al, 1986). Turk  et al  (1993) developed  an  11 point  NRS (scale 0-10) where 0 equalled  no pain and 10  equalled  worst pain. Though cancer pain differs from acute, postoperative and chronic  pain experiences, the most common feature is its subjective nature. [A9]  In this regard a consensus meeting on cancer pain assessment and classification was held in Italy in 2009  with the  recommendation that  pain intensity should be measured  on a  scale  of  0-10 with  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœno pain’à ‚  and  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœpain as bad as you can  imagine[A10]’  (Hjermstad  et al.,  2011). Krebs  et al.  (2007) categorised NRS scores as mild (1–3), moderate (4–6), or severe (7–10). A rating of  4 or 5  is  the most commonly recommended lower limit  for moderate pain and 7 or 8 for severe pain. Aimed at moderate pain assessment,  For the purpose of clinical and administrative use the  recommendation for moderate pain assessment on the scale is a score of 4. Importance of post- operative pain assessment: Post-operative pains  is  very common after surgery  and  the  use of  medication  often  depends  on the intensity of pain  that the patient is experiencing  (Chung  et al, 1997). Insufficient assessment of post-operative pain  can have a  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœsignificant detrimental  effect on raised levels of anxiety, sleep disturbance, restlessness, irritability, aggression, distress and suffering’  (Carr  et al,  2005). Additional  physiological  effects can include  increased  blood pressure, vomiting and paralytic ileus, increased adrenaline production, sleep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolus (Macintyre and Ready, 2002). Effective post-operative pain assessment ensures better pain management  and can significantly reduce the risk of the symptoms listed above, giving minimal distress or suffering  to patients  and reducing  potential complications (Machintosh, 2007). References: Alghamdi IG, Hussain II, Alhamdi MS, El-Sheemy MA (2013) Arabia: an observational descriptive epidemiological analysis of data from Saudi Cancer Registry 2001-2008. Dovepress. Breast cancer: Targets and therapy; 5: 103-109. Caraceni A, Mendoza TR, Mencaglia E (1996) A validation study of an Italian version of the Brief Pain Inventory (Breve Questionario per la Valutazione del Dolore). Pain; 65: 87-92. Carr D and Goudas L. C. (1999) Acute pain. Lancet 353, 2051-2058. Carr EC, Thomas NV, Wilson-Barnet J (2005) Patient experiences of anxiety, depression and acute pain after surgery: a longitudinal perspective. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 42(5): 521-530. Chung F, Ritchie E, Su J (1997) Postoperative pain in ambulatory surgery. Anaesthesia and Analgesia 85: 808-816.   Cleeland CS (1989) Measurement of pain by subjective report. Issues in pain measurement. New York: Raven Press; pp. 391-403. Cleeland CS, Nakamura Y, Mendoza TR, Edwards KR, Douglas J, Serlin RC (1996) Dimensions of the impact of cancer pain in a four country sample: new information from multidimensional scaling. Pain 67 (2-3): 267-273. Hjermstad MJ, Fayers PM, Haugen DF, Caraceni A, Hanks GW, Loge JH, Fainsinger R, Aass N, Kaasa S (2011) Studies comparing numerical rating scale, verbal rating scale and visual analogue scales for assessment of pain intensity in adults: a systematic literature review. Journal of pain and symptom management. 41 (6): 1073-1093. Jensen MP, Karoly P, Braver S (1986) The measurement of clinical pain intensity: a comparison of six methods. Pain 27: 117-126. Krebs EE, Carey TS, Weinberger M (2007) Accuracy of the pain numeric rating scale as a screening test in primary care. Journal of general medicine. 22(10): 1453-1458. Machintosh C (2007) Assessment and management of patients with post-operative pain. Nursing Standard. 22 (5): 49-55. Macintyre PE, Ready LB (2002) Acute pain management. Second edition, WB Saunders, Edinburgh. McGuire DB (1992) Comprehensive and multidimensional assessment and measurement of pain. Journal of pain and symptom management; 7(5): 312-319. Melzack R and Casey KL (1968) Sensory, motivational and central control determinants of pain: a new conceptual model. In: Kenshalo DR, editor. The skin senses proceedings. Springfield IL: Thomas; pp. 423-439. National Breast Cancer Foundation (NBCF): 2014;  http://www.nbcf.org.au/Research/About-Breast-Cancer.aspx Polit JCHC, Hjermstad MJ, Loge JH, Fayers PM, Caraceni A, Conno FD, Forbes K, Furst CJ, Radbruch L, Kaasa S (2006) Pain assessment tools: Is the content appropriate for use in palliative care? Journal of pain and symptom management, 32 (6): 567-580. Roenn JHV, Cleeland CS, Gonin R, Hatfield AK, Pandya KJ (1993) Physician attitudes and practice in cancer pain management. A survey from the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Annals of Internal Medicine, 119(2): 121-126. Tan G, Jensen MP, Thornby JI, Shanti BF (2004) Validation of the brief pain inventory for chronic non-malignant pain. The Journal of Pain. 5(2): 133-137. Turk DC, Rudy TE, Sorkin BA (1993) Neglected topics in chronic pain treatment outcome studies: determination of success. Pain (53):3–16. WebMD (2014)  http://www.webmd.com/breast-cancer/guide/overview-breast-cancer. World cancer research fund international (WCRFI): 2014;  http://www.wcrf.org/cancer_statistics/data_specific_cancers/breast_cancer_statistics.php. Youmiya K (2011) Cancer pain assessment. The Japanese Journal of Anesthesiology. 60(9): 1046-1052. [A1]I would consider using a more reputable source for describing medical symptoms themselves (Grey’s Anatomy, WHO guidelines etc) [A2]and treated? [A3]Is it worth commenting that breast cancer reporting rates in SA might be different from actual prevalence? Lack of awareness regarding certain cancers often results in late diagnosis or misdiagnosis. [A4]This sentence is unclear. I am assuming that you are stating that all dimensions are present in two particular tools? [A5]I’ve deleted this as you have highlighted the same domains in the previous paragraph and the reader will already be familiar with this term. [A6]Sentence shows up on copyscape / turnitin but it’s fine as a directly referenced quote. [A7]Is this sentence stating that the BPIs valid internationally because it has been adjusted culturally / linguistically for all groups? [A8]Are you making a suggestion that it could be assessed, or stating that sometimes people do assess localised pain in the body? [A9]Deleted as the next sentence deals with this already. [A10]Again shows up in turnitin: any quotes must be in inverted commas so that tutors / markers will not downgrade or suspect plagiarism.